Sciatica

The sciatic nerve is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body. Its fibers are formed from the spinal nerves of the lower lumbar (L4) and sacral (S3) vertebra. Sciatic nerve starts from the lower back, goes down to the buttocks, the thighs, and the lower limb. Inflammation and swelling of the sciatic nerve, result to pain and some numbness of the affected leg. The clinical condition is called sciatica.

What causes sciatica?

Sciatica starts when the sciatic nerve is compressed by the narrowing of the spine (spinal stenosis) or when there is a sharp bony growth on the spine (spur formation) or after a strain or trauma on the spine resulting to the injury of the connective tissues cushioning the spaces between vertebrae.

What are the signs and symptoms pointing to sciatica?

The hallmark of sciatica is pain that radiates from your lower back, going down to your buttocks and to the back of each leg. Typically, sciatica affects only one side of your body.

The pain can vary. You may feel it as just numbness on the affected leg, when the compression is not enough to surpass your pain threshold. Others may experience mild pain, while some may have severe and excruciating pain. Some patients even complain about a jolt or an electric shock. The pain can be aggravated by prolonged sitting or standing; and may become worse when you cough or sneeze.

Risk factors in sciatica

Age. Bone spurs and herniated disks are common in the elderly.

Obesity. Being too heavy can put stress to your lower back. Excess body weight can contribute to spinal changes that can trigger sciatica.

Occupation. Sciatica can be job-related, most especially in workers who lift heavy objects. If your job requires you to twist your back often, you are prone to back injury that can result to sciatic nerve compression. Drivers who drive for long periods of time are prone to have stress and strain on their lower back that can result to sciatica.

Diabetes increases the risk for nerve damage.

Complications of sciatica

Loss of feeling in the affected leg

Weakness in the affected leg

Loss of bladder or bowel function

When do you need to see your doctor?

Mild sciatica goes away over time. Visit your doctor if: you have had a back injury; you have difficulty controlling your urination or bowel movement; or in case of severe pain and/or numbness on your lower extremity. Otherwise, protect your back through exercise, weight control through balanced diet, and good posture.